Complete Guide to National Parks & Tiger Reserves in India (2025)

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National Parks & Tiger Reserves in India

National Parks & Tiger Reserves in India (2025)

1. National Parks

Definition:

  • Protected areas under IUCN Category II.
  • First National Park: Jim Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand, 1936).
  • Governed by the Wildlife Protection Act (1972).
  • Project Tiger launched in 1973 for conservation efforts.
  • Total National Parks: 106 (approximately 1.35% of India’s geographical area).

National Parks by State:

  • Andhra Pradesh: Papikonda, Rajiv Gandhi (Rameswaram), Sri Venkateswara.
  • Arunachal Pradesh: Mouling, Namdapha.
  • Assam: Kaziranga, Manas, Dibru-Saikhowa, Nameri, Raimona.
  • Bihar: Valmiki.
  • Chhattisgarh: Guru Ghasidas, Indravati, Kanger Valley.
  • Goa: Mollem.
  • Gujarat: Gir, Blackbuck (Velavadar), Marine (Gulf of Kachchh), Vansda.
  • Haryana: Kalesar, Sultanpur.
  • Himachal Pradesh: Great Himalayan, Pin Valley, Inderkilla, Khirganga.
  • Jharkhand: Betla.
  • Karnataka: Bandipur, Nagarhole, Kudremukh, Bannerghatta, Anshi.
  • Kerala: Periyar, Eravikulam, Silent Valley, Mathikettan Shola.
  • Madhya Pradesh: Kanha, Bandhavgarh, Pench, Panna, Satpura, Kuno.

2. Tiger Reserves

Definition:

  • Established under Project Tiger (1973), managed by National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).
  • Total Tiger Reserves (2025): 55.
  • India hosts 80% of the world's tiger population.
  • Tiger Population: Increased from 1,411 (2006) to 3,167 (2022) with continued growth projected.

Tiger Reserves by State:

  • Andhra Pradesh: Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam.
  • Arunachal Pradesh: Namdapha, Pakke, Kamlang.
  • Assam: Kaziranga, Manas, Nameri, Orang.
  • Bihar: Valmiki.
  • Chhattisgarh: Indravati, Udanti-Sitanadi, Achanakmar.
  • Jharkhand: Palamau.
  • Karnataka: Bandipur, Nagarhole, Bhadra, Dandeli-Anshi (Kali).
  • Kerala: Periyar, Parambikulam.
  • Madhya Pradesh: Kanha, Bandhavgarh, Panna, Satpura, Sanjay-Dubri.

3. Key Takeaways

  • Jim Corbett (1936) was the first National Park.
  • Kaziranga (Assam) & Sundarbans (West Bengal) are UNESCO sites.
  • Largest National Park: Hemis (Ladakh) – 3,350 sq. km.
  • Largest Tiger Reserve: Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam (Andhra Pradesh) – 3,296 sq. km.
  • Project Tiger (1973): Crucial in increasing tiger numbers and habitat conservation.

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